The use of wind bracing in lattice frame is a really strong structural system that is usually used in structures under lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure in order to strengthen the building.
Clamped frame components are usually made of steel that can operate in both tension and compression.
The beams and columns that make up the frame carry the vertical loads and the clamp system carries the lateral loads. However, using clamps can be problematic, as they can interfere with the design of the interface and the placement of the slots.
What are wind braces or braces?
Clips are considered one of the most necessary and vital parts of the structure that help improve the stability of the building and the resistance of buildings against earthquakes. A lattice frame is essentially a structural system designed to withstand high winds and earthquake forces. Frame components with clamps are not allowed to swing sideways.
Why are wind trusses used in buildings?
Buildings adopting high-tech or postmodern styles have responded by expressing grilles as an interior or exterior design feature. The building is made resistant to horizontal forces through two wind bracing systems:
Vertical wind supports
Placing wind supports between lines in columns (in vertical planes) provides load paths for transferring horizontal forces to the ground surface. To strengthen clamped buildings, at least three layers of vertical clamps are needed to restrain both directions in plan and resist twisting around the vertical axis.
The purpose of providing wind supports is to ensure greater safety against external loads. Buildings with reinforced steel composites increase the tensile and compressive strength of the building.
Fasteners are mainly used in steel structures to resist lateral force on steel structures caused by wind, earthquakes, etc.
Horizontal wind supports
On each floor (on the horizontal levels) there are load paths to transfer the horizontal forces to the vertical clamp levels. Horizontal clamps are required at each level of the floor, however, a system used on the floor may provide sufficient resistance. Ceilings may also require clips.
The horizontal clamp system includes clamps installed on each floor at horizontal levels and provides load paths so that horizontal forces are easily transferred to the vertical clamp levels. Horizontal clamp systems are designed to transfer horizontal loads from columns at the perimeter of the structure to the vertical clamp surfaces.
What are the types of wind supports for strengthening?
Different types of braces include:
Clamps with one diameter
The truss or triangulation pattern is formed by placing diagonal structural elements in the rectangular parts of the structural frame, which helps stabilize the frame. If a brace is used, it must be sufficiently resistant to tension and compression.
Cross clamps
Cross braces (or X clamps) use two diagonal members that cross over each other. These should only be tensile resistant. Depending on the direction of loading, the wind struts act at any time to resist lateral forces.
As a result, steel cables can also be used for cross clamps. However, cross grilles on the exterior of the building can interfere with the position and function of window openings. This process also causes more bending of the beams installed in the floor.
K-shaped wind supports
K clamps are attached to the columns at mid-height. These frames are more flexible to provide openings in the facade and have less curvature in the floor beams.
K-shaped clamps are generally prohibited in seismic areas due to the possibility of column failure in the event of buckling of the clamps.
V-shaped clamps
Two diagonal components forming a V shape extend downward from the upper corners of a horizontal column and meet at a central point in the lower horizontal section.
Chevron baboons supports
Inverted V clamps (right diagram, also known as chevron clamps) consist of two components sitting at a central point in the upper horizontal section.
Both systems can significantly reduce the torsional capacity of compression clamps to be less than the tensile capacity of tension clamps. This can mean that when the clamps reach their resistance capacity, the load must be resisted in bending the horizontal member instead.
Central wind supports are usually used in seismic areas. This type of clamp resembles a V-shaped clamp, but the clamp members do not meet at a central point. This means that there is a space between them at the upper connection, where the clamp components are attached to separate points on the horizontal beams. Therefore, the “bond” between the clamp sections absorbs the energy generated by seismic activity through plastic deformation. Unusual single diameters can also be used to load a frame.
Use wind braces to strengthen the building
As you know, beams and columns are subjected to vertical loads on the structure, while clamps are used to maintain lateral loads on the structure.
Clamps help reduce lateral deflection of structures. The most common reason for clamps is to control the buckling of the main beams. The small load of the steel clamps provides great resistance to bending of the beam.
conclusion
Choosing the correct lateral force resisting system has a significant impact on the structural performance of steel structures. In this article, you learned about clamp systems and the types of clamp systems used in steel structures. For more information in this section, read the article What are the stages of strengthening buildings and how the work process takes place.