I have made a large part of constructions in Iran and of course in the world. In the traditional form, The materials are used only for the construction of the building or structure. In the modern form, It uses vertical and horizontal columns or files, as well as strengthening other parts of the building, including the walls, Taking into account the special considerations of the ceiling. To improve the resistance of these buildings.
According to the importance of increasing the safety of building foundations, Information is provided in these materials related to the strengthening of the foundations of Al-Hijriyya.
Al-Mubbani al-Hajriyya building
Before talking about the strengthening of Al-Hajriyya building, You must not recognize its type and components. Also, the type of load and pressure that is applied to the whole part of me when assuming pressure on the structure.
Walls: in the stone buildings, Regardless of the type of materials used (stone, wood or concrete), The walls are actually responsible for transferring the gravity of the upper parts (the roof) to the structure and the foundation. The walls work like mesh panels and increase the resistance of the structure against horizontal earthquakes. In order for the walls to perform this task in the best possible way, It is necessary to close the horizontal and vertical connections with the envelopes. The strength of the walls is the first step in strengthening the stone buildings.
Specific elements (horizontal and vertical envelopes): These elements currently determine the framework of the walls and prevent the wall from collapsing in case of vibration. The specific elements increase the resistance of the structure against gravity and the rotation, especially in maintaining the vertical structure during vibration.
Floor and ceiling parts: The movement of these parts is carried by gravity and lateral transport to the walls or walls. Employing a light roof reduces the amount of pressure on the structure and walls. Specific elements (horizontal and vertical envelopes): In places where the soil does not have sufficient resistance, Or not to build the infrastructure correctly, The proper floor can be effective in transferring the load from the walls.
Infrastructure: This part of the building is transported to the ground. It is important to pay attention to the local soil. And the need to hire a solution to strengthen the soil or the infrastructure in the lands with loose soil. The most important issues related to infrastructure.
Frame based on Al-Hijriyya
In a simple definition, It includes the stone construction of the walls (bricks, Concrete cutting, stone, ect) and horizontal and vertical frames, And the formation of the horizontal and vertical frames is actually the structure of the building. Reinforcement of the building as follows. It can increase the resistance against potential pressures caused by earthquakes:
- Strengthening the establishment and development of the walls built from al-Tawb (or stone and concrete) against pressure during earthquakes and reducing the damage that comes with it.
- Strengthening the resistance of the walls of the columns under the pressure of the lateral load caused by the earthquake.
- Reducing the fragility or tearing of the building walls during the assumed pressure of the earthquake.
- Strengthening the infrastructure, especially in areas with loose soil.
- credits related to the roof of the building, For example , Employing a light roof to reduce the pressure on the walls.
- The employment of her curtains, vertical and horizontal connections or curtains on the wall.
- Employing new ways to strengthen the resistance, Including strengthening using FRP
The vulnerable parts of the Al-Hajriyya building
In times of earthquakes or other painful events, Acceptance of the foundations of al-Hajriyya, more harm and influence in certain parts.
Breaking and separating the walls: In Al-Zalazal, The basic function of the walls is to transport the load and premature damage can lead to the collapse of the structure.
Ceiling collapse: while pressing The matching of gravity transport and lateral transport on the surface, and because of that, It is also possible to collapse the surfaces of stone buildings.
Expenses: Parts such as the parts near the doors or windows can be damaged due to accidental pressure during the earthquake.
The reason for the weakness of Al-Hajriya’s foundations
- Absence of parts and sections with sufficient resistance against side pressures and gravity.
- Insufficient studies related to the durability of the building and the looseness of the local soil.
- Employing weak materials.
- Improper ceramic wall with insufficient materials.
The solution to strengthen the foundations of Al-Hajriyya
rest period
We said that one of the most fragile parts of the stone masonry is the walls. for this reason , It is necessary to find a solution to strengthen the resistance of the walls and also to reduce the amount of pressure on them.
To reduce the amount of pressure, It is possible to build my roof with lighter materials. Also, the employment of vertical and horizontal files in the walls will increase the resistance and flexibility in case of stress and earthquake.
full of joys
It is likely that the parts of the structure where the doors and windows are located will fall during compression or an earthquake. Several solutions are used to solve this problem.
Unnecessary filling of windows or doors is one of these solutions. While removing the unnecessary component, It is also possible to increase the resistance of the walls by replacing the column or the wall instead of that.
Expanding the openings is the last solution that can completely remove the pressure. In these cases, The extension of the opening is usually to the ceiling. In reality , In this case , With the increase in the height of al-Fatah, It becomes a failure of the end, a failure in bending.
Add grids
Hiring meshes is one of the solutions to strengthen the building. Which of course is mostly used for multi-storey buildings. Bending mesh or BRB is one of the relatively modern ways to strengthen the structure. It is also used to strengthen stone buildings.
conclusion
Considering that the majority of buildings in Iran (both rural and urban) are stone buildings, The strengthening of these structures is especially important in rural areas.
Considering that Iran is a country prone to earthquakes, Non-compliance with some basic issues in these structures is always a disaster. In this short article, I will provide brief information about the strengthening of stone buildings. It is clear that the first step in strengthening the resistance of stone buildings begins with the construction of the building. also , For more information, You can contact Biran Sazan for reinforcement and get more detailed information.
However , In the buildings that were built in the past, The application of some reforms can lead to reinforcements and resistances against possible landslides.